Yevhen Savelyev
Opening remarks
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 265-266
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Nikolay Belopolsky, Valentyna Belopolska
The world needs a uniform theory of development
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 267-284
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Today, the mankind finds itself in a very dangerous situation – it has reached the point when its further existence is impossible without a fundamental scientific theory of development and improvement of social systems (production and economic systems, systems of states, and the world as a whole). This caused the author to write this article, the main purpose of which is to show how to arrange social systems at the present time and in the future. Unfortunately, the modern science has no uniform, integrated and complex science that could study social systems fully and comprehensively. It is high time for all technical, social and natural sciences to concentrate their efforts and find their place, their «niche» in studying and arranging the social systems. Key words: cybernetics, development and improvement, economics, economic laws, economic system, environics, functional laws, fundamental theory of social systems development, law of development and improvement, law of organization, manager, natural and ecological laws, nature management, objective laws, production system, society, socio-economic development, sociology, sociological laws, tectology, tectological laws, the state, the world. |
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Andrzej Limański, Jacek M. Ruszkowski
International tourism in the era of globalization
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 285-296
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Kiyoshi Abe
Microfinance, Eastern Europe and Ukraine
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 297-314
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The evolutionary features of developing countries predetermine the need for microfinance as an instrument of poverty eradication. The analysis of microfinance proliferation channels and current situation in Eastern European countries allows the author to determine major obstacles to and perspectives of microfinance network development in Ukraine. Key words: conventional and non-conventional finance, corruption, developing countries, domestic and foreign capital, microfinance, poverty, small and medium business, Washington consensus. |
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Yaroslav Chaikovskyi
The analysis of credit standing of a bank borrower
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 315-332
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The article focuses on the absence of a uniform interpretation of the term "credit standing", analyses the methods and techniques of borrower credit standing valuation used by foreign and national banking organization, and brings forward the classification and general characteristics of these models and techniques. The author accentuates the ineffectiveness of mere transposition of foreign experience onto the domestic practice of borrower credit standing valuation, and elaborates recommendations for improvement of complex credit standing valuation techniques. Key words: Altman model, banking organization, borrower, CART (classification tree), CAMPARI, Chesser model, credit scoring, credit standing, discriminant analysis, models of complex analysis, rating methods, rule of «six C», PARTS, PARSER. |
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Susanne Schreiber
Accounting for advertising costs — differences and similarities between the US GAAP, IAS/IFRS and the German Commercial Code
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 333-350
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Advertising costs take on increasing importance. Nevertheless, accounting for these costs still involves many problems. Especially, one of the main problems is whether these costs should be treated as assets placed on the balance sheet, or as expenses appearing on the income statement. This paper reveals that in comparison with IAS/IFRS and German Commercial Code, US standards on accounting for advertising costs implicitly offer more alternative accounting treatments. Regardless of the different goals of US GAAP and IAS/IFRS, on the one hand, and German financial reporting, on the other, this paper sets forth that accounting for advertising costs is always dominated by the principles of conservatism and objectivity. This result can be explained with the agency theory. Key words: advertising costs, agency theory, financial reporting, German Commercial Code, International Accounting Standards (IAS) / International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), US GAAP. |
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Iga Rudawska
Challenges of privatization in the Polish hospital sector
Journal of European Economy, Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2005, pp. 351-362
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The structure of the Polish hospital sector calls for changes due to exploding health care costs, legal situation of the involved institutions, and demographic development. The paper explores the actual situation in the hospital sector in Poland and highlights the possible options of privatization. The author focuses on the would-to-be effects for each privatization alternative in terms of management, human resources and service quality. The paper also presents the debate over privatization of public hospitals, which seems to be among the most difficult political decisions. Key words: health care, hospital sector, Poland, privatization, public sector. |
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