All common and contradictory in society, state and economy on the way to modernization transformation is analyzed; concerning all mentioned above, the role of personal-human factor in its transformation is defined. The influence of globalization on county development in cooperation with world and national is revealed. The role of state in unity of society and personality, its capacity to organize and implement the process of recourses usage and knowledge accumulation in combination of moral and mind, what can’t be avoid without effective state and public control over processes of modernization is grounded. The public mood towards some constituents of social system of Ukraine is analyzed.

Key words:
Modernization transformation, national states, postmodern model, public conciseness, knowledge, mind, moral, human capital, social state, degree of state presence, state and public control.

The article analyzes the existing theoretical and empirical approaches to the concept of economic freedom and its importance in the evolution of the country. The results of the identification of dependencies between indicators of economic freedom of the countries and individual indicators of their economic development were discovered. It was found the typical direct links between the expansion of economic freedom and the welfare of the population for the majority of the countries.

Key words:
Economic freedom, economic development, economic growth.

In this article there have been examined the economic problems of the Russian investment construction sector. The economical growth directions of economic activity «Construction» have been determined. Comparative analysis of key economical institutional indicators has been performed. Research and practice problematic of the development of Russian ICC – high transaction costs of investment construction cycle – has been actualized.

Key words:
Entrepreneurship, construction, transaction costs, entrepreneurial costs, regulation costs, development indicators, investment construction cycle, contracting.

The paper introduces performance of banking system in Poland during the period of European economic crisis. It also contains presentation of influence of financial supervisor on financial market and the real sector of the economy and possible threats to the institutional framework of financial supervision in Poland. Article presents how microeconomic changes of parameters of mortgage granted in foreign currency can be transformed into bank’s capital needs. Some details about resolutions and recommendations issued by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) are also magnified in the paper. The practice of last years indicates that activity of the supervisory authority is an important determinant of financial stability.

Key words:
Financial supervision, Poland, FX lending, macroprudential regulations.

The paper is devoted to the problems of formation of the financial mecha-nism of environmental protection in the framework of local production systems. The authors identified main sources of costs for environmental purposes and an-alyzed the trend of reducing the fiscal costs of environmental protection. Particular emphasis is placed on the legal aspects of the use of payments for negative impact on the environment, including the abandonment of the use of funds to the budget as the price of a negative impact on the environment. The importance of environmental funds in the financing of environmental activities is shown, the importance of programmer – oriented approach to solving environmental problems is marked. The possible elements of the financial mechanism for the implementation of environmental protection measures are proposed. The main difficulties including stimulating effect in the economic mechanism of nature conservation and environmental protection are marked.

Key words:
Financial mechanism of environmental protection, environmental measures, payments for negative impact on the environment, fiscal policy, the budget allocated for environmental protection, promotion of environmental activities.

The article deals with the analysis of the main sources of raising additional funds, the risks and liabilities associated with them to meet the requirements of current legislation of Ukraine. There has been made the conclusion about the expediency of different funding sources.

Key words:
Debtors, creditors, debt, funding.

The paper discusses the problems referring to place marketing related to the process of territorial identity creation and strengthening. Territorial identity strengthened by the activities carried out within the framework of place marketing constitutes the crucial component of the development process occurring in the contemporary territorial units due to emotional relations of a given community with the place of its existence. The core of the study is focused on the presentation of selected elements constituting place marketing areas which can have a favourable impact on re-gional identity strengthening. Each of the areas has been supplemented by the list of potential advantages in this particular context. The following factors were listed: brand and image of the place, an effective promotion process, entrepre-neurship enhancement, the organization of events, regional (local) products, Corporate Identity for territorial units, international cooperation, the creativity of self-government authorities or flexible management systems.

Key words:
Territorial identity, place marketing, territorial unit, socio-economic devel-opment, factors of competitiveness.

The article analyzes the prospective directions of realization in Ukraine cluster initiatives involving insurance companies in the article. It commits retrospective analysis of the establishment and functioning of clusters in Soviet Ukraine, Ukraine and abroad (EU and USA). Outlines the prospects and create conditions in our country insurance and financial clusters.

Key words:
Clusters, cluster initiatives, insurance companies, insurance clusters, in-surance financial clusters.