India is analyzed according to the position and perspective of environmental Kuznets curve. Theoretical and practical aspects of CO2 emissions in India are developed.

Key words:
Global CO2 emissions, environmental Kuznets curve, India, climate change.

This article investigates the problem of the energy efficiency within the context of the global economic, environmental and social challenges of the XXIst. The criteria of functioning of the modern energy market is defined, where the energy efficiency is ranged as its fundamental basis. The global trends in the implementation of the energy-saving technologies and the economic factors of the energy efficiency are considered. The energy consumption in the various sectors of Ukrainian economy is analyzed on the international comparative basis. The strategic priorities of the national policy of energy efficiency are outlined, the energy saving potential due to the introduction of the targeted technical and structural measures is assessed. The consolidated examples of the energy policies of the other countries, focused on the development of alternative energy sources are presented for their selective use in the domestic practice.

Key words:
World energy market, hydrocarbon-based economy, alternative energy, energy consumption, energy saving, national energy policy, energy efficiency.

The consequences of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU were outlined. The main of them were the participation of Ukraine in the FTA+ as a unique model of intensive access to European markets, the prospect of attracting foreign investment into the Ukrainian economy, achieving positive effects of reforms. The basic parameters of the Agreement as the potential for cooperation in trade, comprehensive regulation of the international movement of production factors, mutual solution of economic, social and environmental interests of the EU and Ukraine were determined. FTA+ risks for certain sectors of domestic economy were analyzed and ways to minimize them, priority allocation of state efforts to strengthen the competitive position of the main types of goods and services were outlined.

Key words:
The Agreement, FTA, import duties, association, trade regime, tariff barriers, cooperation, competitive position, macroeconomic effects.

The article deals with the essence of hospitality in its content of ambiguity; the instruments of achieving competitiveness in the sphere of hospitality industry were revealed.

Key words:
Hospitality, hospitality industry, travel and hospitality industry, structural elements of hospitality, tourism services, competitiveness, consumer needs.

The paper presents the problem of public participation in spatial planning in Poland. The author presents the Polish spatial planning system and shows the possibilities of local community participating in the process of preparing the local acts. Significant attention is paid to showing how information from local society could be used to take right decision and could become the basis of the evidence based urban planning on local level. To illustrate the theoretical problem presented in the first part of the paper, the author of the article used the case study of Lodz as the third largest Polish city. The author presents how inhabitants participate in the spatial planning process of the city. The analysis carried out in this paper shows that remarks from local society are one of sources of information and data about the space of gmina.

Key words:
Evidence based urban planning, land-use plan, spatial planning, public participation.

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of accounting for bills of exchange and promissory notes in the economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises. The authors analyse the European practice of using bill settlements and peculiarities of their accounting treatment in Ukraine.

Key words:
Market economy, bill relations, bills, bill settlements, accounting for bill transactions.

In this article a usage of Czekanowski’s diagram is presented as a tool used in a comparative analysis of polish public universities. The study was conducted in a spatial frame during two academic years and concerned 57 public universities of academic character. The application of Czekanowski’s diagram in an initial analysis of a level and structure of costs of public universities is a tool which can be used by internal and external decision-makers in a process of creating a strategy of a creative usage of public resources and ranking lists. The results should constitute a basis for further and at the same time more detailed cause and effect analysis.

Key words:
Taxonomic methods, public universities, an analysis of costs level.

The article deals with the subject of the role of civil society in the process of reforms of the social security system in Poland compared to other countries. Over the past 25 years, some countries in Latin America and Central – Eastern Europe has made pension reforms. You can therefore make preliminary assessments reforms. The aim of these reforms was the rationalization of government expenditure allocated for the payment of retirement benefits. The practice of the last few years has shown (especially during the financial crisis), that one of the basic economic arguments justifying the implementation of the system of capital to social insurance (a mandatory and public) has been seriously weakened in terms of risk diversification. The practice proved that capital and joint contribution-based systems are similarly susceptible to political and macroeconomic factors. In addition, they affect the socio-economic situation of democratic states. Analyzing the role of civil society in the process of reforms of the social security system is worth considering the issue of the balance between individual responsibility for themselves and the public tasks in the field of pension rights The design of the social security system should be characterized by a coherence of intergenerational solidarity with the personalistic vision of man.

Key words:
Civil society, the social insurance system, the pension system, Poland.