Gender wage gap is an European and International socioeconomic phenomenon with a negative contribution to the efforts of social cohesion, integrity and creation of a solidarity economy. In national level, efforts for the identification and elimination of the gender pay gap have already started since 1970. Although, the phenomenon of the pay gap was been moderated, it still remains at levels above the European average. The analysis and confrontation of the multifactorial phenomenon requires a holistic approach. Women can actively contribute to employment and economic and social development through the improvement and enhancement of their skills and their general qualifications. However, their skills are often underestimated in respect to their payment and their hierarchy in the labour market. This paper studies the case of Greece by estimating the factors that generate the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling phenomenon through the analysis of micro data from 2010 Earnings Survey provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). We estimate pooled quantile regressions as well as quantile regressions, and we carry out a decomposition analysis by applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. The results reveal that the wage gap is mainly formed due to the discrimination of gender (men and women with the same characteristics receive different wages - female wages are significantly lower). Moreover, we approach the glass ceiling phenomenon which is mainly caused due to personal characteristics of individuals.

Key words:
SSE, gender wage gap, Oaxaca – Blinder technique, glass ceiling effect, socio economic re-evolution

Two scientific methodical approaches are singled out to research military economics: as a constituent part of military business which provides for the defence (military) potential of the state, and as a science which studies regularities of economic provision for military business in the state (defence, building , maintenance of armed forces, etc.). It is to be noted out that the competition at the world market of weapons takes place mainly between the USA, Russia, Germany, China and France, the share of which constitutes 74% of military production export. Within the framework of researching military economics are singled out branches manufacturing planes-fighters and production for cosmic sphere. Advantages were shown of planes-fighters of the fifth generation of the USA F-22, F-22 and F-35 Lightning 11 (project is financed by the USA together with Italy, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Turkey, Norway and Denmark) over Russian-Indian project T-50 and Chinese Chengdu J-20 and J-31. The evaluation is made that leading countries are able by 2030 to build planes-fighters of the sixth generation. The opinion is expressed that the geopolitical position of Ukraine and, in particular, the aggression and annexation of Crimea by Russia make a priority of restoring the fighting capability of the military aviation of Ukraine and of increasing the level of its combat power. It is stressed that for this purpose it is necessary to systematically and rather rapidly substitute the Soviet-Russian aviation technology for American one. The possible ways for equipping armed forces of Ukraine with new planes-fighters are determined the following: their development and manufacture in cooperation with other countries or the organization of licensed manufacturing, import, rent or lease of present-day fighting planes of foreign make. Taking into account that Ukraine enters the club of cosmic states and through the lacking finances it at present is unable to compete on equal terms in manufacturing aerocosmic technology it is suggested to re-orient the economic policy of the country at integrating into European cosmic branch. It is pointed out that for this purpose it is necessary to load the capacities of the State enterprise “Production association “Southern machine building plant named after O.M.Makarov” and designing bureau “Pivdenne”. It is recommended to develop the cooperation of Ukraine in manufacturing rocket-carriers “Zenith” for projects “Sea start” and “Land start” and the cooperation with American companies (Orbital ATK – RH “Antares”) and European (AVIO, Italy – PH “Vega”); to implement ambitious Ukrainian-Brazilian project “Cyclone-4”. It is made more precise that Ukraine may propose to partners the cooperation in continuing the development of multifunctional rocket operative- tactical complex “Sapsan”.

Key words:
Military production, aviation building, cosmic branch, development, world market.

The concept of organization as an organistical system facing the challenges of the creative economy is considered. It is grounded that the ideal creative organization with a high level of information will represent a certain symbiosis between organic and anarchic culture in the future. It is identified that with the emergence of virtual organizations, traditional elements of the organizational culture lose their value, while the informational technologies create opportunities for communication and collaboration, regardless of distance and borders. Thus, the basis for the virtual organizations creates their adaptability and transferability. Key requirements regarding the creative industry management organization are singled out as following: proactivity, strategic perspective, innovation, initiation of risk, modeling, experimentation and creativity, support of the independent business units’ coordination. The model of organizations’ types, which should reflect their organistical nature, strategic perspective and attitude to risk is presented. The main barriers that limit the ability of organizations to creativity - the lack of the innovative organizational culture as well as the lack of professional risk managers and analysts are outlined. However, these features have not yet organically become peculiar by creative organizations, requiring the development of the appropriate business models culture.

Key words:
Creative economy, organistical system, organizational culture, creative organization, virtual organization, complexity of organization, integrity of organization, organic culture.

Credit unions have been functioning on the financial market of Ukraine for more than twenty years, and necessity of their existence is still questionable. Imperfect system which controls credit unions in our country often leads to distorted activity. Investigating the uniqueness of the world credit unions and basic principles of their activity stipulated the necessity of a completely new approach to the evaluation of credit unions positions in the world market of financial services. Due to the analysis of penetration it is educed that credit unions embrace a substantial financial market share on different world continents. A cluster analysis revealed that credit unions with the similar functions belong to the same cluster. After investigation of management monitoring systems of credit unions in different countries it has been established that these systems are rather "ex"/ "post" indicators of the present credit unions problems. Relations between regulators and credit unions are of different types. “Three Bucket Approach” methodology for credit unions and theoretical aspects of the methodology, which involves reserve formation on loans and its application have been considered.

Key words:
financial system, credit unions, cluster analysis, multidimensional adaptive splines, penetrations, control system, model, "Three Bucket Approach" methodology, loans, backlogs.

The article analyses main stages in the internationalization of innovation activity undertaken by transnational companies and offers a generalization of approaches to its various forms. The analysis of the process of R&D internationalization was carried out based on the roles of subsidiaries in the general structure (network) of TNCs. The study of the evolution of innovation processes was performed in the context of behavioral types and roles of subsidiaries within the TNC networks and the host country environments. The analysis was focused on the main types of local and global linkages in the context of scientific and technical cooperation, with particular attention paid to TNC subsidiaries with a global role in research and development. The findings exposed the impact of TNCs’ internationalization of innovations upon host countries, revealed major tendencies in global knowledge spillovers, and corroborated the significance of linkages between structural units of TNCs and their partners in the host countries.

Key words:
absorptive capacity, global scientific linkages, global technological linkages, innovation, innovation potential, innovation system, internationalization, local scientific linkages, local technological linkages.

The basic indicators of tourism development in Ukraine are analyzed and identified its problems. Established, that the tourism industry in Ukraine is rapidly developing, below the global average, is due to annexation of Crimea and the Russian military aggression in the east, the low efficiency of the public administration and low level of government spending in tourism. It is shown the main directions of cooperation of Member States under the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU in Part "Tourism", concerning for the exchange of information, sustainable tourism development, promotion and development of tourism products and markets, training specialists and others. Defined priorities of the Action Plan for the implementation of the Association Agreement in the field of tourism in the 2014-2017: amending the Law of Ukraine "On Tourism", project the Strategy for Development of Tourism and Resorts 2025, harmonization of national standards with the International Organization for Standardization. A monitoring of the implementation of measures for the integration of Ukraine into the EU tourism sphere for 2014 - early 2017 in the following directions are conducted: legislation, strategy of the development of tourism and resorts, licensing, standardization and certification, visa liberalization, cooperation in tourism. Emphasized, that one of the main challenges of European integration of countries in the tourism sector should develop regulations to attract foreign investment, improving government funding, harmonization of qualification requirements and standards of higher education for training in tourism.

Key words:
Certification, cooperation in tourism, European integration of Ukraine in the tourisms sphere, financing of tourism, international tourist arrivals, legislation in tourism, licensing, standardization, strategy for tourism and resorts development in Ukraine, visa liberalization.

The problem was raised of the public entrepreneurship role as a factor affecting the development of the regions. The urgency of the research is due to the fact that the issue of state participation in the national and regional economies remains controversial in economic science. This is especially important for the countries with emerging markets. For Ukraine the importance of the research is peculiar because another wave of privatization is expected. The author offered her method of analysis that complements the existing approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the institutional phenomenon, in particular, the use of the methods for comparative analysis of the concentration of state business in the world countries and Ukraine, and assessment of state entrepreneurship functional load in specific regions. The empirical analysis is made, and the functions of public entrepreneurship formed for ensuring the regional development. The conclusion is made on the appearance of economic, social, environmental and political risks when making unreasonable decisions about the prospects for public entrepreneurship, and suggestions are substantiated for the selection of the criterial base for institutional changes in entrepreneurship development all through the regions.

Key words:
entrepreneurship, public entrepreneurship, efficiency criteria of public entrepreneurship, functions of state entrepreneurship to ensure regional development.